![]() ![]() For example, at a secret November 1954 meeting, following the explosion of six large hydrogen bomb tests of the “Castle” series, in the Marshall Islands, John C. Within a few years, the commission recognized that while humans in all parts of the world were taking up fallout, some were especially hard-hit, such as the people of the Marshall Islands and as testing continued, concentrations in the human body increased sharply.īy the early 1950s, AEC leaders were aware of fallout hazards to humans, but chose to keep the public in the dark. ![]() In 1945, at the dawn of a new era, just after the first nuclear test explosion in Alamogordo, New Mexico, researchers at Los Alamos National Laboratory reported that “the most worldwide destruction could come from radioactive poisons.” In 1951, the US Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) authorized a study of strontium 90, one of the radioisotopes in nuclear fallout, in bones of deceased humans throughout the world. The Limited Test Ban Treaty became the first international environmental treaty curtailing the poisoning of Earth. France and China, which had detonated a much smaller number of tests, did not sign, but ended all atmospheric tests in 1980. The United States, Soviet Union, and United Kingdom-which had conducted over 500 above-ground tests, with the combined power of 30,000 Hiroshima bombs-agreed to end testing in the atmosphere, under water, and in outer space. Sixty years ago, almost to the day, in a Cold War world haunted by the specter of nuclear war, negotiators brought large-scale atmospheric nuclear weapons tests to an end. ![]()
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